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Palma Elayas Gvineysky "An olive palm tree" (Elaeis guineensis) buy in Tashkent
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Palma Elayas Gvineysky "An olive palm tree" (Elaeis guineensis)

Palma Elayas Gvineysky "An olive palm tree" (Elaeis guineensis)

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Uzbekistan, Tashkent
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Technical characteristics
  • Country of manufactureGuinea
Description

Olive palm tree, iliafrikansky olive palm tree, ilieleis Guinean(lat.elaeis guineensis) — a plant semeystvapalmovy (Arecaceae), a vidrodamaslichny palm tree (Elaeis).

Coastal areas of ekvatorialnoyzapadny Africa from 16 °C are considered as the homeland of this plant. highway to 15 ° SL. It is cultivated, except Africa, and in other countries with tropicheskimklimaty (Malaysia, Indonesia, etc.) for receiving valuable food and technical oil.

In a wild-growing look the olive palm tree represents a tree up to 20 — 30 m high, in culture it seldom happens higher than 10 — 15 meters. The trunk appears only on the fourth — the sixth year of life, and under a canopy of the wood sometimes only in 15 — 20 years [2]. Diameter of a trunk at an adult tree reaches 25 cm.

The root system powerful, but lies usually superficially. At adult plants numerous additional roots depart from the basis of a trunk, at some copies they densely cover a trunk up to the height of 1 m.

Leaves are large, plumose, up to 6 — 7 m long. In krone of an adult plant of their 20 — 40 pieces, and to 20 — 25 leaves annually dies off, being replaced with new. On scapes of leaves there are large brownish thorns.

Inflorescences large (up to 70 cm long), are located in bosoms of leaves. Usually man's and female inflorescences are formed on one plant though also dvudomny plants occasionally meet. Sometimes in one inflorescence it is possible to find flowers of both floors, it is more often happens at young palm trees. The man's inflorescence contains up to 150 thousand flowers and makes a huge amount of pollen: to 1 billion pollen grains from one inflorescence.

The axis of a female inflorescence is much thicker, than at man's. On it about 600 — 800 fruits, the lump of a fruit brush of 10 — 30 kg, sometimes develop more. In a year on one plant it is formed 3 — 6, sometimes to 10 such brushes.

Fruit of an olive palm tree — a simple stone fruit size about plum (length of 3 — 5 cm), weight on average 6-8 grams. Coloring of a shell usually orange though plants meet violet and black fruits.

Ecology

Wild-growing palm trees blossom and yield fruits only on 10 — the 20th year of life, in culture of a plant begin to fructify on 3 — the 4th year after landing. Reaches the maximum productivity at the age of 15 — 18 years, all the term of life of this plant makes 80 — 120 years. The olive palm tree grows in roast and humid equatorial climate, optimum average annual temperature for this plant makes 24 — 28 °. Optimum annual amount of precipitation: 1500-3000 mm.

It is also very photophilous, development considerably is late and productivity falls in conditions even of insignificant shading. As showed supervision, during a rainy season, at insufficient solar lighting more man's inflorescences are formed, and intensive lighting promotes emergence of female inflorescences.

To soils the olive palm tree is quite undemanding and can grow almost on any types of soils of a tropical zone.

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Palma Elayas Gvineysky "An olive palm tree" (Elaeis guineensis)
Palma Elayas Gvineysky "An olive palm tree" (Elaeis guineensis)
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