Tanks and reservoir equipment.

Tanks for storage of oil and oil products

The Set PGS company in the market of engineering services since 2012, the official distributor of various producers of the industrial equipment, brings to your attention tanks for storage of oil and oil products.

General information
Classifications of tanks for oil storage
Design
Description of tanks
Additional equipment of tanks
Example of the tank for storage of combustible liquids (oil, oil products)
General information

Development of oil industry is irreversible caused the need for storage of large volumes of oil and products on its basis. For Russia this stage dropped out for the 17th century when the first oil storages were constructed. They represented barns or earth holes of 4-5 meters in depth. For the purpose of reduction of leak of oil to the soil of a hole became in the clay soil or specially cemented underground tanks covered with stone vaulted roofs.

Long time the way of storage of oil did not change, but with increase in needs for oil products shortcomings of the available storage methods became obvious: losses of contents in the form of evaporations, gradual destruction of walls and their insufficient tightness. From a stone passed to metal. In Russia it led to the fact that in 1878 on the project of the engineer Shukhov V. G. the first metal tank for oil storage assembled from riveted sheets of metal was constructed. By then in the world there were already metal tanks, for example, in the USA such was constructed in 1864, but the option offered by Shukhov had the cylindrical form, unlike rectangular tanks in the USA that considerably reduced its metal consumption.

Further from rivets passed to welding, the structure used staly qualitatively changed, but the foundation of designing of tanks which is still laid in the 19th century remains urgent. To the place of the spontaneous and poorly planned construction of separate oil depots passed to construction of difficult complexes for oil storage where the tank is only one of components of difficult system.

Classifications of tanks for oil storage

Now the reservoir equipment for storage of oil and oil products is widespread extremely widely and is present at all stages of oil production and oil processing. Tanks are installed directly on the oil field, intermediate stations on pumping, the enterprises of oil processing and the petrochemical enterprises, and also on places of emergency oil spill. As the structure, chemical and physical properties of oil products can change depending on a stage, it demands use of tanks of various design and appointment.

Classification of tanks for storage of oil products can be carried out by various criteria, such as the main constructional material, a roof design, etc. From the most general classifications reflecting the main distinctions of these constructions it is possible to allocate the following.

Depending on a tank arrangement allocate the following types for areas:

land;
semi-underground;
underground;
underwater.
tanks for oil, oil storage
They are classified by material of which manufacture the tank as follows:

reinforced concrete;
metal;
nonmetallic (rezinotkanevy, plastic, fiberglass etc.);
organized in natural emptiness (mine, ldogruntovy, etc.).
Tank material in most cases defines its design because of what allocate the following types of tanks:

frame (metal, reinforced concrete, etc.);
soft (rezinotkanevy, polymeric, etc.).
The conditional image of the soft tank in the filled state is given below:

tanks for oil storage, tanks for oil products
Tanks are divided by a case form on:

cylindrical;
spherical;
tear-shaped.
tanks for oil, oil storage
Classification of tanks by a way of the organization of a roof in this connection allocate is also important:

tanks with a floating roof;
tanks with a stationary roof and a pontoon;
tanks with a stationary roof and without pontoon.
tanks for oil storage, tanks for oil products
At design of tanks they are subdivided into three classes depending on the volume and the location:

1 class - turns on especially dangerous tanks volume ≥ 10 000 m3 and tanks volume ≥ 5 000 m3 placed on coast of big reservoirs and the rivers and also in a city area;
2 class - turn on tanks of the increased danger of 5 000 - 10 000 m3;
3 class - turn on dangerous tanks the volume of 100 - 5 000 m3.

Design

The basic structural elements of the tank for storage of oil products are: the case, a roof, the basis which can be equipped in addition with rigidity elements, and various auxiliary elements, such as protections, hatches, ladders, etc.

Small tanks the capacity of max. 50 m3 make directly at the enterprises. At installation they are supplemented with the equipment details lacking for the correct operation. Larger tanks are made by the capacity of max. 100 000 m3 at the separate enterprises and are delivered to the place of installation in the form of elements, separate, ready to assembly of the tank.

The choice of the constructive decision for a roof depends on storage conditions of oil products, climatic conditions of placement of the tank and its capacity. Stationary roofs can have spherical shape (for tanks to 30 000 m3) if lean on the case, or conical shape (for tanks to 5 000 m3) if are established on a basic rack.

At storage of flammable oil products with high rates of pressure of vapors in tanks for light oil products rather big losses of a product owing to its evaporation take place. For prevention of such losses in a design of the tank floating roofs or roofs with pontoons are used. Such pontoons are equipped with hermetic flexible locks from the materials steady against influences from the stored products.

Description of tanks

The following requirements are imposed to the main constructional material of the tank: corrosion resistance, not susceptibility to chemical influences from a product and impermeability. Therefore the main material which goes for production of tanks is steel (sheet hire) of the carbonaceous and low-alloyed grades of which the good svarivayemost, resistance to deformation and good characteristics of plasticity are characteristic. Aluminum is in some cases used.

From nonmetallic tanks the greatest distribution was gained reinforced concrete in which store the viscous and stiffening oil products, such as fuel oil, bitumens, and also heavy oil products with low interest of petrol fractions. Oil with a large number of petrol fractions and the easily evaporating oil products store in tanks from reinforced concrete which impermeability is reached by means of drawing additional benzo-and a petrosteady covering.

The soft tanks called also by petrotanks from special polymeric materials, differ in flexibility, small specific weight and high chemical and corrosion resistance. Such tanks do not demand preliminary laying of the base and can settle down on simple wooden linings. Small specific weight and compactness in the put state do them preferable in cases when it is required to organize temporary storage of oil without the need for construction of capital constructions. It is also promoted by simplicity and speed of their installation and dismantle.

Underwater tanks represent the tanks shipped in water. The principle of underwater storage of oil (oil products) is based on their difference of density in comparison with water thanks to what they (water and oil) practically do not mix up. The stored oil as if to be based upon a water pillow. For this reason many such tanks are designed without the bottoms in the form of bells. They are made of reinforced concrete, metal and elastic materials (synthetic or rezinotkanevy). Underwater tanks are placed at the bottom of reservoirs and are fixed by means of anchors. Filling happens to the help of pumps, and for depletion is put rather hydrostatic pressure of water which is pushing out oil product up a diversion channel. Apply them on sea bases and oil fields where they can show big efficiency, than coastal tanks.

The most widespread on a form are cylindrical tanks. They are economic on metal consumption that was shown on an example of tanks of Shukhov, are rather simple in production and installation, and also have the good durability and reliability. Can be manufactured vertical tanks as a half-devout way, and of rolled preparations.

Along with tanks of a cylindrical form on chemical productions successfully use spherical tanks which case consists of single sheets 25 - 30 mm thick, svaltsovanny or welded in a sphere form. The case of the tank is installed after assembly on the reinforced concrete foundation in a ring. Also the form of the tank can be tear-shaped. Such tanks gather from details in the form of the petals made separately at the plant and delivered to the place of installation.

At storage of oil products (gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene) in off-season the underground storages constructed in deposits of rock salt placed at a depth are of great importance (100 m and below). They are created by salt washout by water (leaching) through wells. For depletion of storage from oil products in it pump saturated salt solution.

At storage of oil products in underground tanks the space around them is filled in with concrete that ensures safety of storage. Degree of humidity of soil into which the tank plunges, defines extent of its additional protection. It can be both a special anticorrosive sheeting, and a tank waterproofing. Underground tanks have a number of the advantages consisting in convenience of operation, economy of the place in the territory where they are established, and possibilities of their placement in places with high seismicity. It is also important to note also the fact that underground tanks are less subject to daily fluctuations of temperatures.

Double-walled capacities in which the tank (main) is in the protective tank best of all are suitable for storage of oil products underground, and the distance between their walls has to makes not less than 4 mm. This distance is provided by means of a milling profile which fastens by means of welding to the internal surface of the protective tank. The cavity between the main and protective tanks is well sealed and filled with gas or liquid which density is less, than density of the stored oil product. Constant control of an interwall cavity gives the chance of timely definition of damages and prevention of possible accident.

Additional equipment of tanks

Normal the mode of operation of tanks usually means retrofitting by their additional equipment of the technological plan to which the respiratory and protective equipment belongs. "Breath" of the tank is subdivided on big and small. The first is connected with daily fluctuation of temperature and, as a result, consecutive evaporation and condensation of vapors of the oil products leading to increase and reduction of pressure in the tank. Big "breath" is observed at the moments of depletion and the gulf. Carry various hatches for access for service personnel and removal of measurements to a security system.

Also in addition devices for measurement of level of a product, temperature sensors, probootborny devices, protivomolniyevy protection and protection against static electricity, and also interfering adjournment of oil products of the device can be installed. At storage of the oil products having the increased viscosity, tanks are equipped with heating devices. Outside the tank can be in addition covered with a layer of the dielectric paint protecting the case from influences of alkaline and acid character which render soil and ground waters.

Example of the tank for storage of combustible liquids (oil, oil products)

Tank type: land, vertical

Land tanks for storage hold a leading position in the field of storage of large volumes of flammable or combustible liquids.
The simple design provides economic, multipurpose options of storage according to a scope.

Technical characteristics

All design is made of wearproof steel, the vertical placement providing economy of space
It is made of carbonaceous steel
High quality of welded seams is guaranteed thanks to the large volume of works of arc welding during all production.
The arrangement and the size of all openings is defined by the customer according to all appropriate standards.
For flange connections steel pipe flanges on ANSI are used.
The forged steel flanges or steel pipe couplings are used as threaded connections.
Each tank passes test compressed air, for ensuring integrity an inspection of seams is carried out.
Protection against formation of moisture
External finishing is defined by the customer. External finishing can include bead-blasting cleaning of the tank, putting primer and then a finishing covering from white urethane.

Aluminum dome-shaped roofs for tanks

dome-shaped roofs for tanks
We offer the aluminum geodetic dome-shaped roofs with a diameter up to 120 meters which are used in the petroindustry to close storage tanks. Usually they are established at the cleaning plants and oil depots where products of storage and structural components of the tank have to be protected from influence of the environment. Roofs are mounted according to the international and local legislations of the oil and gas industry, and also according to the last European and international standards: API 650 and Eurocode 1. Roofs can be applied at any climatic conditions at a temperature from-50 to +90 °C.

The roof is the ventilated device and is not designed for control of internal pressure though it is possible by the additional order.

Use of these roofs combines ecological aspects with economic effect as this roof protects storage products from pollution, for example rain water, sand or other foreign objects, and reduces the loss at a zapyleniye caused by wind or at direct hit of a sunlight.

Advantages of the offered dome-shaped roofs to tanks:

Roofs meets all necessary applied rules and standards for their use
The roof is a modern dome design with the long term of operation
The roof represents a combined design which is very easily established, transported and conforms to the highest quality standards
FASTENS ONLY ON TANK WALLS, AND DOES NOT DEMAND THE CENTRAL PROPS

dome-shaped roofs for tanks
The design is developed as an independent dome-shaped roof, only its external edge adjoins to a tank wall. The central struts which would pass through the established floating roofs and would reduce system effectiveness are not necessary any more. This the advanced design allows to reduce evaporation losses significantly.

EXTREMELY EASY DESIGN

The roof (diameter apprx. 60 m) weighs only 10-15% of mass of a steel roof, comparable by the size. The design is the optimum decision at cost due to reduction of weight of a roof of the tank and therefore it is suitable for the existing tanks with floating roofs designed without steel rigid roof. The products which are stored thus are completely protected from pollution by an atmospheric precipitation. At construction of new tanks, lightweight of a design allows to save on expenses for laying of the base and construction of walls of the tank.

HIGH CORROSION STABILITY AND LOW EXPENSES ON SERVICE

dome-shaped roofs for tanks dome-shaped roofs for tanks
All making components of a design are made of high-strength aluminum alloys and have excellent anticorrosive properties, especially in hostile damp or salt environment. The additional sheeting is not required even after several decades of use as our aluminum constructions are calculated on the same term of operation, as well as tanks for which they are intended. It was confirmed during the numerous tests which are carried out in assistance with the research institutes of the aluminum industry, known at the international level. High-quality alloys are received as a result more than the 100th summer experience of production and processing of aluminum, and also further continuous studying of specific structural features of components of aluminum.

SPECIAL ELEMENTS

dome-shaped roofs for tanks
The offered dome-shaped roofs for a guarantee of optimum functional ability of the tank can be equipped with all necessary wells, hatches, ceiling light, platforms and steps standard in oil industry. Special attention to such accessories is paid when the roof is established on the top of the tank.

dome-shaped roofs for tanks
Final works are carried out on a peripheral part of a dome. Also additional hydrotest for check of correctness of installation can be carried out.

DESIGN FEATURES

Fastening to rezevuara

Dome-shaped roofs can be equipped with two types of accessions to the tank:

Integral aluminum ring of rigidity with mobile support
Steel ring of rigidity for strengthening of the tank and stationary support
dome-shaped roofs for tanks
Usually the customer himself makes the choice between stationary and mobile support. Our councils following:

Mobile support can be used for re-equipment of the existing tank without its change and if it is required, without welding works on the tank in very short terms.
Because of small friction with mobile support, tanks with a big diameter have to be attentively studied regarding whether they are able to sustain similar loadings
On old tanks with unknown ability to resist to static loadings, it is always safer to establish an external ring of rigidity and to avoid radial loadings (mobile support)
New tanks are usually equipped with stationary support as the producer of the tank can consider necessary (radial) loadings and respectively use easier and cheap roofs with stationary support
Both systems can be used with any diameter of the tank

In the following table values of the internal efforts arising at wind and snow loading with a diameter of tank of 55 m are given (see the drawing above)

dome-shaped roofs for tanks
Tab. 1: Internal forces on a dome of F55 m and jet forces on a tank framework
¹ Rr completely restrains a steel ring of rigidity (mathematical model).
² Even if stainless steel and laying from Teflon are used, for minimization of friction there can perhaps be about 6% of friction of vertical loading.

Consolidations and laying

Very important aspect during design of roofs for tanks is weatherability and water tightness of a roof which concerns full system of consolidations, including laying by clamping beams, washers from stainless steel and especially consolidation of kerchiefs.

All consolidations are made of the material EPDM which is used in automotive industry and production of windows long ago and API 650 App is recommended. G. Advantages of use of consolidations from EPDM the following:

Excellent firmness at all climatic conditions
Remarkable ozone and UF firmness
Stability at change of temperature from-40 to +120 °C
Sheets of a covering of a roof are completely designed with integrated consolidation to provide the compressed connection which strongly reduces use of silicone paste on outer side. It gives the chance to guarantee purity of a surface of a dome without the need for service it, and also long-term impermeability. Besides, thanks to unique design this consolidation also corresponds a fire resistance trebovaniiya from PTB.

FEATURES OF DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF ROOFS FOR TANKS

Any roof is projected and calculates taking into account modern technical means. After design data by means of the computer go to the automated production shop in which there is a production of all elements of roofs (profiles, kerchiefs, sheets, coverings and so forth). Such system almost completely excludes a human factor, so and possible emergence of mistakes and inaccuracies.

Production completely corresponds to strict German rules of quality and to, careful control according to the quality system ISO 9001 is carried out to time and after production.

For production of roofs only qualitative materials of the checked suppliers are used. Highly qualified and skilled specialists work with preparations and finished products. Each detail is numbered that allows to avoid confusion and mistakes them at factory assembly, and also in installation time on the tank.

FEATURES OF TRANSPORTATION AND ASSEMBLY OF ROOFS

All elements of a roof are packed into parties weighing no more than 2 t everyone that allows to unload them in any place without any heavy lifting equipment. Sheets of a covering are put in special racks in order to avoid their damage during transportation.

All elements for a roof are almost ready for 100% at the plant therefore their bystry and safe installation by means of small crew and the installation engineer worldwide without any special equipment or specially trained specialists collectors is possible.

All components are numbered and gather according to the simple instruction for installation and the detailed project. For installation of reservoir roofs cutting, alignment, welding or bendings are not required, on a framework of the tank have to be fixed only support (are welded). Long and expensive work on building is replaced with the German accuracy in production to guarantee high quality of dome-shaped roofs worldwide. As assembly of a roof in the tank by means of tripods is possible, in advance prepared surfaces are not necessary.

Floating roofs for tanks (pontoons)

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
The floating pontoon was specially developed for the oil and petrochemical industry, it is an internal floating roof which is made of aluminum, of stainless steel or a combination of these materials and considerably reduces the loss of oil products arising at evaporation of products in storage time in tanks. Level of decrease in losses reaches 95-98% depending on the stored product and operational factors.

The design of floating roofs conforms to requirements of the following standards:

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
API 650 appendix H
The Oil Company Material Association ST-1
BS 2654 appendix E
MINIMUM ISSUE

The design represents the compact internal floating flat roof of lightweight made of high-quality aluminum, stainless steel or a combination of these two materials, which is applied in tanks with a motionless roof to storage of flying hydrocarbons.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
The system is developed as the pontoon designer floating on the stored liquid material and working as the gas barrier reducing losses of vapors to 99%. Thus, the system guarantees not only the essential income from operation of the tank, but also protects the atmosphere, in the effective way interferes with environmental pollution.

The floating pontoon has the unique design which is actually not demanding maintenance!

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Everyone a floating pontoon is individually developed and made for the concrete tank according to national and international industrial standards as for example API 650 Arr. N, TRbF 120 or BS 2654 Arr. E which are used in the sphere of oil and chemical industry. The pontoon is partially obliged by the universality to ideally curved peripheral profile which guarantees invariable distance between the floating deck and an internal wall of the tank that increases efficiency of the pressurizing system. This system was developed especially for these pontoons to strengthen sealing of ring space. Use of materials of lightweight, allows to minimize losses at evaporation. Needless to say that all used materials were carefully selected according to aspects of quality, durability and compatibility with the stored fuels and lubricants.

ADVANCED FLOATING SYSTEM

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Uniform shift of a pontoon under a continuous roof is caused by use of floats with a diameter of 8". Each float is checked under pressure after production. At the same time 100% spare buoyancy is guaranteed: if at operation one of floats fails, no essential reduction of buoyancy will happen. Moreover, use of floats of diameter 8" together with specially made peripheral profiles allows to make a low design, thereby having provided the minimum loss of capacity of the tank.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
If the tank is taken out of service for survey or repair, then the correct distribution of props of the pontoons providing uniform distribution of weight on all area guarantees movement of service personnel on all its surface and under it. Along with the high durability and stability of a design, provided at design stages and assemblies, long service life of a floating surface is guaranteed by excellent corrosion stability, the materials making it. Use of "cladded" of sheets of a floating roof with a special covering - unique feature of these pontoons. These sheets are covered on both sides with special aluminum alloy which contains zinc that prevents perforation of sheets from the localized pointed corrosion. This form of corrosion can result from electrolytic reaction of water condensate with particles of a rust, falling from a roof and walls of the tank on a floating pontoon.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar

LOW COSTS OF INSTALLATION

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
The floating roof is developed as modular system which can be easily established on the site by local erection teams. On the basis of the provided documents of installation, our experts can control local installation worldwide if it is required. All components, namely: floats, profiles and levels of a clip, also as well as metal sheets, are made at the plant in Germany. It guarantees simple, bystry and economic installation, and also high quality of this unique design.

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF FLOATING ROOFS FOR TANKS

Depending on a product which has to be covered a pontoon it can be made of one of the following materials:

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Aluminum
The aluminum designs made of high-quality aluminum alloys with the guaranteed resistance to many products on the basis of hydrocarbons. Special attention is paid to use of bolts from stainless steel or other neiskroobrazuyushchy materials for ensuring durability and rigidity of a design. Aluminum can be used from 80% of products which are usually used in the oil and petrochemical industry.
floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Stainless steel
Designs from stainless steel are recommended for use at a covering of high-aggressive chemicals where aluminum is unsuitable. For example, aromas and demineralized water.

Aluminum + Stainless steel
the floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar As an alternative for products (spirits or those which in liquid state behave aggressively in relation to aluminum) is offered a combination of both materials. Here stainless steel is used while aluminum details are used in the field of evaporation. It allows to reduce use of expensive stainless steel and at the same time to guarantee quality.
Combined design which guarantees bystry and safe installation

1. A tubular float and the supporting structure.

The offered floating pontoons have the smallest distance in the market between a floating covering and the surface of liquid to lead to a loss minimum in the tank.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
The roof is equipped with tubular floats with a diameter of 8" (230 mm). The small distance over the surface of liquid (210 mm) reduces the place for formation of steam to 20% (when comparing with floats 10 and 12" other producers) and considerably reduces loss of oil products. The difference in the price between floats of 10 or 12 in size" and 8" quickly pays off if the tank is completely exempted from the stored product already time or two.

A large number of separate floats means what at malfunction of one float will be lost is insignificant small loss of buoyancy. Moreover, it allows to make a design in general rigid and uniform, allowing to cope with the possible tension which can arise during the normal operation of the tank. Besides, big buoyancy and quantity of support, and respectively smaller intervals between floats, increase stability of a pontoon. Distance between ranks of tubular floats usually 3-4 meters.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Aluminum tubular floats are closed by trailer covers which block the ends of pipes, providing safe and reliable connection. Other producers use ordinary welded fastenings on the end of floats, risking that welding can be damaged because of storminess in oil product and by that forming leak in floats.

The connecting details welded on trailer covers are made by means of dvutavrovy profiles of a special design. The bend or tortional loadings do not influence a welded design and therefore cannot cause flooding of a float. Each float-operated device is checked at our plant for existence of a leakage by compressed air under pressure of 1,4 bars at immersion in water. Tubular floats are established in such quantity to provide 100% buoyancy.

The channels supporting a floating roof are located over across floating pipes at an angle 90 ° to the line of floats, providing durability of structure in general.

All accessories, for example, the funnels, viewing openings, measuring devices coordinating devices, etc. are established on the separate supporting beams, for increase in durability attached to the main design.

In each joint of the floating device the support, the providing corresponding support while the pontoon is fixed is established. A large number of support also provides the best distribution of loading. Support can be designed with the fixed height of a roof or can be adjustable. Values of the fixed heights, usually from 0,9 to 2,0 m.

The pontoon can easily transfer the loadings operating in any place of the surface floating or standing on support. There is no need for installation of a planked footway.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
In a floating internal pontoon support profiles which corrosion-proof bolts were made at the plant are used. Bolts are located according to openings in sheets of a covering. It gives uniform imposing of sheets and accelerates assembly. Profiles are cut a certain length and under a certain corner. Bystry assembly of a design is also facilitated by the punched channels of a clip, realizirovanny at the plant.

Other producers often use profiles without openings in sheets of a covering and the pressed bolts in advance prepared at the plant. It means that on building there has to be an additional equipment and, therefore, reduction of accuracy and quality of installation is possible.

The floating pontoon can maintain live loadings during swimming and there is no its fastening, therefore need to mount the pedestrian bridge. In a pontoon use only bolts from stainless steel, the aluminum and self-fastening nuts.

2. Gazonepronikayushchy sheets of a covering

The covering of a pontoon has width of 1040 mm (stainless steel) and 2040 mm and has standard thickness of 0,4 mm (stainless steel) or 0,5 mm (aluminum). Sheets with given sizes are punched on both sides for installation on bolts which are established to the supporting canals in advance. It provides the correct installation of a leaf and in advance defined distance between the next sheets remains to constants. The punched sheets provide simple and reliable installation and reduce time for check.

The supporting beams have the bent top part on which sheets of a covering strongly nestle with the help of an U-shaped fixing profile. It gives mechanical deformation on sheets of a covering (where they are imposed at each other) that means the greatest gazonepronikayushchy connection between the next sheets.

3. An additional covering from the plated materials

A large number of pontoons was installed on the old already existing tanks. These tanks are expensive in service, especially when business reaches pontoon primer from within.

The pontoon with an additional covering from the plated materials is developed mainly to resist to ulcer corrosion which is formed when particles of dust of a rust fall from a tank roof. The additional covering consists of the aluminum basis varnished on both sides by a thin layer of aluminum alloy with the content of zinc. These three-layer sheets are made by the rolling providing excellent connection between layers. Thickness of Zn-Al of alloy makes 5% of the general thickness from each party, providing cathodic protection of material of a basis of the plated leaf.

4. External ring

The external ring is made of specially designed squeezed-out profile of the big size. It is made so that precisely to correspond to diameter of the tank, thus providing distance of 190 mm (7,5 inches) between walls of the tank and a pontoon (a regional gap). It provides dense effective adjustment and reliability of consolidation on the periphery. Installations on small tanks, for example, of 3 meters in the diameter, confirmed fine properties on a bend of these specially squeezed out profiles.

The external ring for each tank is made of several standard details and two details of special length that the necessary length of a circle turned out. Deepening in a product on 150 mm of the squeezed-out profiles of an external ring provides dense and reliable consolidation of space of evaporation between liquid and a covering of a pontoon.

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
It should be noted that all openings in sheets of a covering (filling funnels, racks and other devices) are equipped with the same hydraulic lock of 150 mm (6"). It means that the area of evaporation is completely isolated from the atmosphere of the tank.

5. The condensing locks

In pontoons types of locks, such as are used various:

Locks the issues which are specially developed for these pontoons and conforming to the most strict standard requirements for control.
The single or double alkaline condensing lock - is used for the majority of petrochemical products. This polyethylene lock is standard and is used in 80% of cases.
The alkaline condensing lock from polyurethane covered with teflon, is used with products where use of a standard lock is impossible. Also delivery of double locks is possible.
Lock of spring type for the majority of petrochemical products. His additional skirt creates a gap to the 30-50th. It is specially developed for the most strict standard requirements as, for example, TA Luft (Germany). Perfectly is suitable for tanks with a diameter less than 8,00 m.
The lock covered with teflon for use with products where use of a standard lock is impossible. Perfectly is suitable for tanks with a diameter less than 8 m.
Primary mechanical lock from stainless steel. It can be combined with a secondary alkaline lock from PE.
floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar a floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar a floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
6. Accessories

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Each offered pontoon is equipped with the standard accessories which are listed below. Their quantity depends on various factors, including on diameter of the tank (according to API 650 the appendix H). These standard accessories guarantee to Poskolko safety, they are included in the main offer in the quantity specified in API 650. Usually we recommends bigger quantity of accessories which are separately listed in our offer.

Anti-rotational system for an exception of rotation of a pontoon
floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
Antistatic system (grounding). Usually grounding cables are attached to the hatch that provides easy survey of the device.
The antivacuum valve 24" collected with the hatch. It opens and closed by automatically introduction rod and both the hatch, and the antivacuum device when the tank empty is used. Their quantity changes according to the data provided by the client.
floating roofs for tanks, pontoons
For each pontoon the following special accessories can be delivered. Their type and quantity depend on the operational modes in this or that tank.

Wells for columns, ladders, guides / the immersed racks
Probootborny well
Side overflow devices
Floating guides for measuring devices
Bells for devices of measurement of temperature (thermometers)
Landings
Corrosion sensor
The devices preventing emergence of foam
Entrance diffusers which are recommended if the speed of filling of the tank are higher 1m/sec.
The floating soaking-up devices
Peripheral airreceivers for ventilation of tanks
The central ventilating valve on a roof
Additional accessories can be put under the order.

Safety

floating roof (pontoon) for rezevuar
When holding a procedure of decontamination of evaporation or a product should not be absorbed or remain in a pontoon design (there are no internal cavities).

The floating pontoon has at least two grounding cable from stainless steel between a covering and a roof for ensuring safe removal of static electricity.

The pontoon can work in "wraparound tanks" in the presence of P/V-of valvate system. This requirement is obligatory for Germany where installation of airreceivers of type or central the ventilating valve on a roof is forbidden.

Installation of a pontoon

Installation of a pontoon the simplest and bystry. Installation does not require any special equipment. All details of a pontoon are designed in such a way that can pass through tank hatches with removable covers, thereby allowing to avoid expensive works on a design of tanks. With each pontoon the detailed instruction for installation is delivered. At the request of the Customer specialists in installation can be sent to a building site.

 

 

Reservoir parks
The most widespread types of tanks as a part of reservoir parks are reinforced concrete tanks, and also steel vertical cylindrical and steel horizontal tanks. For storage of light oil products (gasoline, kerosene) capacities from synthetic materials can be used (for example, fibreglass).

As a rule, reservoir parks are limited on perimeter to the protecting wall at land tanks and roads or fire-prevention drives — at underground tanks.

Classification of reservoir parks to destination:

commodity and raw, used for storage of oil and oil products;
reservoir parks of the pumping-over stations of oil and products it containing;
reservoir parks, intended for storage of oil products of various objects.
Technical and economic assessment of reservoir parks is carried out on the following indicators:

cost is 1 m3 of volume of a rezervur;
the total cost of 1 m3 of volume of the tank which includes park equipment cost (earthwork, technological, water supply, sewer and thermal systems, roads, protections, etc.);
consumption of the main construction materials (steel, reinforced concrete, etc.);
Researches of technical and economic indicators of reservoir parks with underground and land tanks show that increase in capacity of tanks leads to considerable reduction of a consumption of the main materials and the cost of construction. Especially considerably at the same time the extent of pipelines is reduced (technological, water, sewer, etc.). Being based on the data indicators, it should be noted also that increase in volume of separate tanks leads to reduction of losses of oil product from evaporation.

Capacity of reservoir parks directly depends purposes of the station. So, reservoir parks of head stations need to be designed so that to ensure trouble-free operation of the oil pipeline, an optimum reserve (volume of party) of separate oil products, to provide reception of oil products on different grades (at consecutive transfer).

At the equipment of reservoir parks on each tank the flow chart on operation which contains the following information is formed:

tank type, existence of a pontoon (floating roof);
number of the tank according to the technological scheme;
maximum and minimum admissible level of filling oil product;
the actual height of the tank to the top utorny corner, m;
the most admissible productivity of downloading and pumping of oil products, m3/h;
the actual height of the tank before insert of the foamer, m;
emergency level of oil product, m;
geometrical capacity of the tank, m3;
type, quantity and data on the capacity of safety and respiratory valves, m3/h;
type and quantity of fire safety locks (fire prevention devices);
indication of gages and control of level of filling, temperature and mass of oil product.

 

 

Tanks.

The tank - represents the germetichnozakryvayemy or open, stationary vessel filled by liquid or gaseous substance.

As an arrangement tanks can be divided on elevated and underground, on a design on vertical, horizontal and spherical. Also tanks can be double-walled and multichamber, that is consisting of two and more cameras. Execution one-wall (one wall), double-walled (two walls). Fleksitanka (intra container, intra carriage or intra tanker), the frame tanks (executed on the basis of a framework) and petrotanks (soft or flexible tanks) are also known.

Under the terms of operation tanks can be divided into stationary tanks (usually steel), figurative or moved (collapsible, frame, petrotanks), floating (for storage and movement on water) and transport (for movement on transport).

Tanks under oil products - Vertical RVS up to 5000 m3, Horizontal RGS up to 100 m3

Capacities underground under oil products - EP,EPP drainage

Separators are oil and gas.

The oil and gas separator of NGS (gas separator) is applied to primary division of liquids and gases, and also purification of oil in plants. It is calculated on work only with those liquids which contain a small share of gases. It is used on oil and gas fields, gas distribution stations and power complexes. Volume can make from 1 to 150 m ³.

Separators are torch.

separators torch are intended for allocation from the gas dumped on a torch, drop liquid. Separators are a part of torch system at the device of gas and gas-condensate fields.

Fire prevention devices are detonatsionnostoyky communication

Fire prevention devices detonatsionnostoyky communication the OPKD1 type are intended for installation on gazo-both oil pipelines and processing equipment where there is a danger of detonation burning gas-Paro - air mixes.

OPFK fire prevention devices

Fire prevention devices for a torch collector and OPFK tanks are intended for installation on torch collectors and on tanks with oil products for prevention of penetration of a flame in pipelines and tanks. 

 

System of filling ASN-D

The system of measuring knot of filling (SIUN) ASN-D oil products represents the automated complex of the knots, units and devices working on a uniform algorithm of the dosed delivery of oil products in bulk transport.

 

Valves respiratory for a caprolactam

Valves respiratory for a caprolactam of CDC - are intended for prevention of increase in tanks (capacities) of excessive pressure over established, and supply nitrogen in them at decrease in the established pressure.

Valves represent devices of automatic action. At achievement in gas space of the tank (capacity) of pressure of size of operation of the top plate the top plate rises, opening Wednesday an exit in the atmosphere or gas-leveling system. At reduction in gas space of the tank (capacity) of pressure up to the size of operation of the lower plate the lower plate rises, opening pass of nitrogen to the tank (capacity). Valves are used by production of a caprolactam, and also to storage of aggressive and flammable liquids in tanks.

Valves respiratory KDZT

Valves respiratory the closed KDZT type are components of tanks for storage of light oil products, gasoline, diesel fuel and other liquids, are installed on an assembly branch pipe of the tank and are intended for sealing of gas space of the tank and maintenance of pressure and vacuum in this space in the set limits. Valves are used in the closed gas-leveling systems.

The valve is ground.

The valve ground balanced on air-controlled pressure is intended for the lower filling (discharge) light oil products and aviation fuels. Is established on automobile means of transportation and gas station. At external damage provides tightness of tanker trucks

The valve is respiratory mechanical.

The valve respiratory mechanical KDM-with the built-in fire prevention device is intended for sealing of gas space of tanks with light oil products and regulations of pressure in this space in the set limits for the purpose of reduction of losses from evaporation of oil products and reduction of environmental pollution.

Valve respiratory SMDK

The combined SMDK mechanical respiratory valve with the built-in fire prevention device is intended for regulation of pressure in gas space of tanks for storage of oil and oil products and protection against hit of a flame and sparks in the tank.

Backpressure valve.

The backpressure valve is used when filling light oil products in a tanker truck and is intended for tight connection with a connecting head of the bulk device of a piece of the pipeline going from the valve of management of a fuel truck, ground to an instrument case. It is made according to the API 1004 standard and approaches couplings of the lower discharge of all producers. The valve is completed with a dustproof cover for protection against mechanical damages or a contamination of a connecting part of the valve.

Backpressure valve of the GAME lower installation

The backpressure valve of the GAME lower installation is used to the admission of oil product in the only direction. It is mounted on pipelines of the line of delivery and serves as an obstacle for depletion of the pipeline.

Hatch covers

Covers of the hatch are intended for equipment of tanker trucks with the top and lower filling oil products and aviation fuels.

Are established on automobile means of transportation and gas station of oil products.

Covers of the hatch meet the requirements of tightness of technology of the lower loading of a tanker truck and fire safety of transportation of oil product.

The jellied hatch is supplied with the mechanism of double opening: the first - pressing a pedal, the second - pressing the lever. The first stage - preliminary opening for dumping of possible internal pressure in a compartment and the second stage - final opening.

The special design of a cover of the hatch performs function of the waste valve that allows to keep tightness at emergence of hydroblow in emergencies, having dumped excessive pressure and having kept thereby integrity of a compartment of a tanker truck.

The valve electromagnetic gate-type KEM for oil products is intended for use as the locking device providing interruption in supply of fuel in the tank when receiving the operating signal of achievement of nominal level of its filling.

Black oil FM filters are intended for highly effective purification of furnace fuel oil of the increased viscosity of the firm remains of oil fractions and mechanical impurity. Black oil filters are installed in system of a mazutopodgotovka at power plants in boiler rooms and schemes of other productions. Filters represent a vertical welded cylindrical vessel with the elliptic lower bottom. On support there are openings for base bolts. On the case branch pipes with flanges for a supply and removal of fuel oil, steam supply for a purge, fuel oil discharge are established.

The filter of drain oil FSN are intended for discharge of oil products in tanks by the closed way providing a filtration of the merged oil product from mechanical impurity and protection against hit of a flame and sparks in the tanks storing oil and oil products

Filter mesh SDZh

Filters mesh drainage liquid (SDZh, SDZh-K filters), are intended for purification of the pumped-over oil and other liquid products of mechanical impurity, foreign objects, clay, parafino-resinous deposits and the scales established on the NPS pipelines of the main oil pipelines and technological installations oil processing, petrochemical, oil and gas industries with conditional passes from DN 80 to DN 1200 and nominal pressure 1,6; 2,5; 4,0; 6,3 MPas (16, 25, 40, 63 kgfs/cm2).

The calculating dosing SDK-01 complex

it is intended for measurement of volume and a commercial holiday of the set dose of oil products at transfer, discharge or filling.

Backpressure valves of the WKP are intended for trim of the return stream of the environment at interruption in supply of oil products in technological pipelines