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Ethanolamines

Ethanolamines

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Description
Monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine are amino alcohols which were introduced industrially about 1928 and have been finding application in increasing quantities in diverse fields ever since.

Commercial production of ethanolamines is accomplished by reacting ethylene oxide with ammonia to yield a mixture of the three compounds. By subjecting this mixture to a series of separations, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine are obtained. Triethanolamine is offered commercially in two concentrations, 85 wt. and 99 wt. %. The 85 wt. % material contains up to 15 wt. % diethanolamine.

Physically, these compounds are clear, viscous liquids at room temperature and white crystalline solids when frozen. Diethanolamine has the highest freezing point of the group, 28.0C, and monoethanolamine the lowest, 10.5C. They all have comparatively high boiling points, although at elevated temperatures they are subject to decomposition, particularly diethanolamine.

Their odors are ammonical to varying degrees, with monoethanolamine being the most marked. The ethanolamines are hygroscopic and miscible with water, most alcohols, and polyols. They and their aqueous solutions are alkaline. Being bifunctional, ethanolamines react with acids to form esters or salts, and most of their industrial applications are dependent to some degree on these features.
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Ethanolamines
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