- Country of manufactureUkraine
Breed of wood for cross ties can be different (for example, red maple or eucalyptus), in some countries prefer oak [3], and in some, owing to the economic reasons, wood of conifer, I will mainly take a nap though such cross ties are more subject to wear [3]. For prevention of rotting of cross tie impregnate with antiseptic agents, most often creosote.
Wooden cross ties have many advantages: elasticity, ease of processing, high dielectric properties, good coupling with crushed-stone ballast, small sensitivity to fluctuations of temperature [2]. The major property is the possibility of broadening of rail track in curves with a radius less than 350 m [2].
The age of wooden cross ties (depending on type of wood, external conditions and intensity of operation) makes from 7 to 40 years. Wooden cross ties in Russia make mainly of pine, and also of fir-tree, fir, the Siberian cedar [2] though earlier experiments on production of cross ties from oak, larch were made. The main problem of wooden cross ties — tendency of their rotting in places of fastening to them of rails, and problem with their further utilization.
Wooden cross ties are made in accordance with GOST 78-2004.
- The cross tie of 1 type impregnated — is used for the main ways
- The cross tie 2 types impregnated — is used for access and station roads
Cross ties from tree are subdivided into three look:
- cut (dressed from all 4 parties)
- semi-cut (dressed only from 3 parties)
- not cut (dressed only from above and from below)